A variety of governance models exist for providing water and wastewater services in North Carolina. In many situations, a unit of government—such as a municipality or county—provides service primarily to the residents in its jurisdiction; however, there has been an increasing trend in the development of regional utilities in which multiple existing utilities merge to provide services to a larger geographic area or one utilityexpands and begins providing services well beyond its traditional border or governmental jurisdiction. This guide seeks to provide insight on how to develop fair, effective, and efficient consolidated services by focusing on organizational approaches currently allowed under North Carolina state law, and to flag and highlight considerations that should be addressed during evaluation and implementation. Click the link above to download Consolidation of Water and Wastewater Systems: Options and Considerations and visit go.unc.edu/regionalization for more resources and information on the EFC's regionalization work.